SURVEYING
GATE – IES – GOVT EXAMS – HANDWRITTEN NOTE
ACE ACADEMY TRAINING NOTES
FREE DOWNLOAD PDF
SURVEYING GATE IES GOVT EXAMS HANDWRITTEN NOTES PDF
SURVEYING GATE IES GOVT EXAMS HANDWRITTEN NOTES PDF
Contents
- Basic concepts
- Linear measurements
- Angular measurements
- Plane table surveying
- Levelling
- Contouring
- Areas and volumes
- Minor instruments
- Theodolite
- Omitted measurements
- Trigonometircal levelling
- Tacheometric surveying
- Curves
Basic concepts of surveying
Objective of surveying :
- To take measurements for determining the locations of existing ground features
- To mark the positions of objects with respect to assumed datum.
- To calculate the related quantities like areas and volumes.
Primary divisions of surveying :
1. Plane surveying :
- Neglect the curvature of earth
- distances less than 18.5 kms and areas less than 250 km square.
- less accurate
2. Geodetic surveying :
- consider the curvature of earth
- large areas and more accurate
- fixing the control points and boundary points if a field.
Classification of surveying :
Based on function :
- Control surveying
- Land surveying
- City surveying
- Engineering surveying
- Topographic surveying
- Geological surveying
- Archaelogical surveying
- Astronomical surveying
- Hydrographic surveying
- Gravity surveying
- Mining surveying
- Military surveying
- Satellite surveying
Topographic surveying : It is carried out to the features such as hills, rivers, forests and man made features like villages, buildings, transmission lines and roads.
Hydrographic surveying : Related with water bodies like low water level, high flood level etc.
Gravity surveying : Fluctuation of gravity value from place to place
Based on instruments:
- Chain surveying
- Compass surveying
- Plane table surveying
- Levelling surveying
- Theodolite surveying
- Photogrammetry
- EDM – Electronic distance measuring equipment
Trialateration is the process if measuring the sides of a triangle with the help of EDMs
Principles of surveying :
- To locate the point with respect to two known points
- Working from the whole to the part but not from part to the whole.
Accumulation of errors can be reduced.
Basic measurements in surveying :
- Horizontal distance : Done by chain, tape , tacheometer, total stations.
- Vertical distance : Level, total station, tachometer, sextant, Abbey level.
- Horizontal angle : Compass, theodolite, clinometer, total station.
- Vertical angle : Theodolite, sextant and total stations.
- Principle of compass surveying : Direction of a line can be measured.
Types of meridian :
1. True meridian : It is at a point a grade circle passing through the geographical north and south pole of earths surface.
3. Grid meridian : It is a reference line established by state governments in the middle of the state for their projects in various departments.
4. Arbitrary meridian : It is a local reference point taken for measurements.
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true meridian, magnetic meridican, grid meridian, arbitrary meridian
Chain surveying civil notes
Compass surveying civil notes
Plane table surveying civil notes
Levelling surveying civil notes
Theodolite surveying civil notes
Photogrammetry civil notes
EDM – Electronic distance measuring equipment civil notes
Control surveying civil notes
Land surveying civil notes
City surveying civil notes
Engineering surveying civil notes
Topographic surveying civil notes
Geological surveying civil notes
Archaelogical surveying civil notes
Astronomical surveying civil notes
Hydrographic surveying civil notes
Gravity surveying civil notes
Mining surveying civil notes
Military surveying civil notes
Satellite surveying civil notes
Linear measurements civil notes
Angular measurements civil notes
Plane table surveying civil notes
Levelling civil notes
Contouring civil notes
Areas and volumes civil notes
Minor instruments civil notes
Theodolite civil notes
Omitted measurement civil notes
Trigonometircal levelling civil notes
Tacheometric surveying civil notes
Curves civil notes
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