[GATE NOTES] RCC – GATE, IES, Govt Exams – Handwritten Notes – Free Download PDF

REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

GATE – IES – GOVT EXAMS – HANDWRITTEN NOTES

ACE ACADEMY TRAINING NOTES

FREE DOWNLOAD PDF

Steel is divided into two types

• Mild Steel – Fe250
• High Yield Strength Deformed (HYSD) – Fe415 and Fe500

HYSD are now a day’s replaced by Thermo Mechanically Treated (TMT) steel bars. Chemical composition is similar in TMT and HYSD bars.

Mould containing molten steel is immersed in cold water which results in a soft core and hard outer surface.

Methods of design :
1. Working stress method
2. Ultimate load method
3. Limit state method

Working stress method :
It is also known as elastic method or modular ratio method or factor if safety method.

Design load = Working or service load.
Design stress or allowable stress or permissible stress is equal to
Characteristic Strength of material divided by Factor of safety.




M20 Fck = 20 Mpa
Fe250 Fy = 250 Mpa

• Factor of safety in beams for concrete is 3 and for steel is 1.78
• In working stress method design load is based on uniqueness theorem and design strength of material is based on lower bound theorem.
• In this method serviceability is not considered. For such a low level loads, serviceability is not required.

Ultimate load method :
Design load = Ultimate/Collapse load= Working load or service load x Load factor.

Load factor depends on load combinations.

• Design stress or allowable or permissible stress is equal to characteristic Strength of material divided by material safety factor.
• Material safety factor in beams for concrete is 1.5 and for steel is 1.15

In ultimate load method, design load is based on upper bound theorem and strength of material is based on lower bound theorem.
In this method, serviceability is not considered. So it has not become popular like other methods.



Limit state method :

Limit state is a condition just before Collapse. Upto this condition, member is safe to resist external loads and also gives proper service throughout life.

Limit state method is divided into two

Limit state of Collapse

a. Flexure or bending in beams
b. Shear in beams
c. Compression in columns
d. Torsion in end or l beams, beams curved in plane
Limit state of serviceability :
a. Deflections
b. Cracking
c. Vibrations
d. Fine resistance
e. Durability

Design load or ultimate load or factored load or Collapse load or limiting load is equal to characteristic load multiplied with partial safety factor for forces or load according to IS 875 Part 5.

Characteristic load : The load which had 95% probability of not being exceeded in the life of a structure is characteristic load.

RCC limit state is based on 95% probability load.
Pavement design is based on 95% probability load.

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