GENERAL INTELLIGENCE AND REASONING STUDY MATERIAL (PART-1) FOR SSC JE BY CIVILENGGFORALL FREE DOWNLOAD PDF

Analogy
Classification
Series
Coding and De-coding
Blood Relation
Direction and Distance
Time Sequence, Number and Ranking test
Number Puzzle
Logical Sequence of words
Clock and Calendar
Venn Diagrams
Syllogism

What is Analogy?

The meaning of analogy is ‘similar properties’ or similarity. If an object or word or digit or activity shows any similarity with another object or word or digit or activity in terms of properties, type, shape, size, trait etc., then the particular similarity will be called analogy. For example, cricket: ground and chess: table are the analogous pairs (why?). In fact, both pairs of words have similar relationship in terms of place of playing as cricket is played in the ground and similarly chess is played on the table.

What is classification?

You must have in your mind that what does classification mean. In fact, in classification we take out an element out of some given elements and the element to be taken out is different from the rest of the elements in terms of common properties, shapes, sizes, types, nature, colours, traits etc. In this way the rest of the elements form a group and the element that has been taken out is not the member of that group as this single element does not possesses the common quality to be possessed by rest of the elements. For example, if we compare the elements like, lion, cow, tiger, panther, bear and wolf then we find that this is a group of animals. How do we classify them? To understand this let us see the presentation given below

GENERAL ABILITY ACE ACADEMY AE/AEE NOTES PDF: CLICK HERE

Here, if we want to separate out one animal then definitely that animal will be cow because cow is the only animal in the group which is a domestic animal. Rest of the animals (Lion, Tiger, Panther, Bear and Wolf) are wild animals. Hence rest of the animals (Lion, Tiger, Panther, Bear & Wolf) form a group of wild animals separating out the domestic animal (Cow). Similarly, out of 6 letters A, M, N, S, P & Q, we will take out A and form a group of 5 letters M, N, S, P & Q because out of given six letters only A is a vowel while rest of the letters form a group of consonants.

Types of classification:

Letter/meaningless word based classification
Meaningful word based classification
Digit based classification
General knowledge based classification

What is a Series?

A series is a sequence of numbers/alphabetical letters or both which follow a particular rule. Each element of series is called ‘term’. We have to analyse the pattern and find the missing term or next term to continue the pattern.

In number series, relationship between the terms is of any kind. For example.

Consecutive even numbers
Consecutive odd numbers
Consecutive prime numbers
Square of numbers
Cubes of numbers
Square root of numbers
Omission of certain number of letter in any consecutive order
Addition /subtraction/ multiplication/ division by some number (For Ex. A.P & G.P) or any other relation.

TYPES OF QUESTIONS IN EXAMS

Complete the series
Find Missing number of the series
Find Wrong number of the series

GENERAL SCIENCE ACE ACADEMY AE/AEE NOTES PDF: CLICK HERE

MEANING OF BLOOD RELATION

Blood relation does mean biological relation. Remember a wife and husband are met biologically related but they are biological parents of their own children. Similarly, brother, sister, paternal grandfather, paternal grandmother maternal grandfather, maternal grandmother, grandson, granddaughter, niece, cousin etc. are our blood relatives.

TYPES OF BLOOD RELATIONS

There are mainly two types of blood relatives:

Blood relation from paternal side
Blood relation from maternal side Now, we will discuss both kind of relations one-by one.

REASONING AND APTITUDE MADE EASY GATE NOTES PDF: CLICK HERE

Blood relation from paternal side

This type of blood relation can be further subdivided into three types:

Past generations of father: Great grandfather, great grandmother, grandfather, grandmother etc.
Parallel generations of father: Uncles (Brothers of father). aunts (sisters of father) etc.
Future generations of father: Sons, daughters, grandsons, granddaughters etc.

Blood relation from maternal side

This type of blood relations can also be subdivided into three types:

Past generations of mother: Maternal great grandfather, maternal great grandmother, maternal grandfather, maternal grandmother etc.
Parallel generations of mother: Maternal uncles, maternal aunts etc.
Future generations of mother: Sons, daughters, grandsons, granddaughters etc.

In the examinations, the questions are given in complicated way. In other words, in the given questions, the easy relationship takes the complicated form and examinees are expected to solve this complication in order to find out the correct answer. How does an examinee get aid of this complication? For this, an examinee sees the given data in the question with a serious eye; then tries to establish relation among elements of given data on the basis of certain logic and finally finds out the required answer. In fact complications in the asked question occur because of the given indirect relation. It does mean questions are in the form of indirect relation & one has to convert this indirect relation into direct relation.

For example “only son of my father” does mean ‘me’ (myself). Here in place of ‘me’ indirect relation has been given in form of “only son of my father”. Similarly, “the only daughter of the parents in laws of the husband of Vandana” does mean ‘Vandana’ herself. In this example also the sentence “the only daughter of the parents in laws of the husband of ‘Vandana’ has been given in the form of indirect relation. Below are given some indirect relation in the form of a list. Examinees are required to learn them by heart. If one keeps this list in one’s mind, he/she will find it very easy to solve problems based on blood relations.

Son of father or mother: Brother
Daughter of father or mother: Sister
Brother of father: Uncle
Brother of mother: Maternal uncle
Sister of father: Aunt
Sister of mother: Aunt
Father of father: Grandfather
Father of father’s father: Great grand father
Father of grandfather: Great grandfather
Mother of father: Grandmother
Mother of father’s mother: Great grandmother
Mother of grandmother: Great grandmother
Father of mother: Maternal grandfather
Father of mother’s father: Great maternal grand father
Father of maternal: Great maternal grandfather grandfather
Mother of mother: Maternal grandmother
Mother of mother, mother: Great maternal grandmother
Mother of maternal: Great maternal grandmother grandmother
Wife of father: Mother
Husband of mother: Father
Wife of Grandfather: Grandmother
Husband of Grandmother: Grandfather
Wife of son: Daughter-in-law
Husband of daughter: Son-in-law
Brother of Husband: Brother-in-law
Brother of wife: Brother-in-law
Sister of Husband: Sister-in-law
Sister of wife: Sister-in-law
Son of brother: Nephew
Daughter of brother: Niece
Wife of brother: Sister-in-law
Husband of sister: Brother-in-law
Son of sister: Nephew
Daughter of sister: Niece
Wife of uncle: Aunt
Wife of maternal uncle: Aunt
Son/daughter of uncle/Aunt: Cousin
Son/daughter of maternal: Cousin uncle/maternal aunt
Son/daughter of sister: Cousin of Father
Son/daughter of sister: Cousin of Mother
Only son of grandfather: Father
Only daughter of maternal: Mother grandfather
Daughter of grandfather: Aunt
Sons of grandfather other: Uncle than father
Son of maternalgrandfather: Maternal Uncle. /maternal grand mother
Only daughter in law of: Mother grandfather/ grandmother
Daughters in law of: Aunt other than mother grandfather/ grandmother
Daughters-in-law of: Aunt maternal maternal grandfather/ grandmother
Neither brother nor sister: Self

SOME IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT BLOOD RELATION

Without the information of gender, no relationship can be established between two people. For example, If given that R is the child of P & Q, then we can only say that P & Q are the parents of R. But we can not find out:
1. R is the son of P & Q or R is the daughter of P & Q.
2. Who is mother of R and who is father of R.
3. But if we have given that P is a male, Q is a female and R is male, then we can easily say that R is the son of P and Q. Further we can also say that P is father of R and Q is mother of R.
Gender cannot be decided on the basis of name. For example in Sikh community the names like Manjit, Sukhvinder etc. are the names of both male and female. Similarly, in the Hindu Community ‘Suman’ is the name of both male and female.

GENERAL INTELLIGENCE AND REASONING STUDY MATERIAL FOR RRB JE CIVIL ENGINEERING PDF: CLICK HERE

Concept of Directions

In our day to day life, we make our concept of direction after seeing the position of sun. In fact, this is a truth that sun rises in the East and goes down in the west. Thus when we stand facing sunrise, then our front is called East while our back is called West. At this position our left hand is in the Northward and the right hand is in the Southward. Let us see the following direction map that will make your concept more clear

Important Point Regarding Direction

If our face is towards North, than after left than our face will be it towards West while after right turn it will be towards East.
If our face is towards South, then after left turn our face will be towards East and after right turn it will be towards West.
If our face is towards East, then after left turn our face will be to North and after right turn it will be towards South.
If our face is towards West, then after left turn our face will be towards South and after right turn it will be towards North.
If our face is towards North-West, then after left turn our face will be towards South-West and after right turn it will be towards North-East.
If our face is towards South-West, then after left turn our face will be towards South-East and after right turn it will be towards North-West.
If our face is towards South-East, then after left turn our face will be towards North-East and after right turn it will be towards South-West.
If our face is towards North-East, then after left turn our face will be towards North-East and after right-turn it will be towards South-East.

GENERAL INTELLIGENCE AND REASONING (PART-1) STUDY MATERIAL FOR SSC JE PDF CIVILENGGFORALL

DOWNLOAD LINK : CLICK HERE

PASSWORD : CivilEnggForAll