ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL FOR RRB JE BY CIVILENGGFORALL FREE DOWNLOAD PDF

RAIN WATER ENGINEERING
RAW WATER
SOURCE, QUALITY AND TREATMENT OF WATER
PERMISSIBLE LIMITS
TURBIDITY
TASTE AND ODOUR
TEMPERATURE
ALKALINITY
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WASTE WATER ENGINEERING
NITROGEN CYCLE
OXYGEN DEMAND
WRINKLER’S METHOD
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
PLUMBING
POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
ECOLOGY OF AIR POLLUTION
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER
WATER POLLUTION
ECOLOGY OF WATER POLLUTION
MARINE POLLUTION
SOIL POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION

RAW WATER

The water which is extracted from natural environment, over which no artificial treatment is being performed is known as row water.

SOURCES OF WATER

There is a long list of sources of water, being classified as natural sources or mankind sources such as dam, desalination plants, etc.

QUALITIES OF RAW WATER

The parameters which helps in determining the characteristic of water is called Water quality parameters. The parameter are generally of three types. – Physical, Chemical & Biological parameters.

Physical water Quality Parameter

The parameter which helps in determining the physical quality of water is termed as physical water quality parameters. These are the parameter which can be felt or sensed by any of our senses.

Suspended Solid
Turbidity
Colour
Taste
Odour
Temperature

TURBIDITY

It is the measure of extent to which light is either adsorbed or scattered by the suspended solid present in it. It is not the direct quantitative measure (mathematical relation) suspended solid present in water.

IMPACT OF TURBIDITY

It interferes with the penetration of the sunlight in natural water body, thereby, affecting the survival of aquatic animals.
Due to presence of suspended solid (colloids) penetration of sunlight in water bodies is not possible & no photosynthesis can be performed. Hence, no oxygen is released, leading to deficiency of oxygen which is essential for the, aquatic life survival

Methods to measure turbidity

Turbidity Rod Method.
Jackson Turbidimeter reflective index & so, it is easily visible.
Baylis Turbidimeter
Nephlometer

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TASTE & ODOUR

1. Taste & odour in the water may be induced due to the presence of mineral salts or due to the presence of organic matter in the water. Ex: Algae secretes several types of oil which add load taste to the water.

2. Taste & odour may also be due to the presence of dissolved gases. Ex: H2S adds rotten egg smell to the water. CO2 add carbonated stingy taste to the water.

IMPACTS : Taste & odour causing compounds may be Carcinogenic. (Cancer causing)

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SOLID WASTE MANAGMENT

The term solid waste includes all those solid and semi solid materials that are discarded by a community. The solid waste generated through domestic and commercial activities is classified as municipal solved waste (MSW) and is also called “refuse”. The solid waste generated by industries is known as industrial solid waste solid waste may also be generated ley agricultural activities, a large portion of which may also become a part of the municipal solid waste. The biochemical solid waste from hospital and nursing homes, similarly finds entry into the municipal solid waste, though is supposed to be disposed off separately. as a hazardous municipal waste. The animal excreta (gobar) and human excreta, also does not stand included in the municipal solid waste, though a portion of this type of semi solid waste may also find entry into the municipal solid waste. In general therefore, the solid waste are usually divided into the following two categories i.e.,

Municipal solid waste
Industrial solid waste.

The municipal solid waste is disposed of by the municipal corporations and such local bodies; while the industrial solid waste is disposed off by the respective industries. The safe disposal of a solid waste of a society was not a serious problem as long as the pollution was small and the land available for assimilation of wastes was large. However in olden societies, no proper collection and safe disposal practices for getting rid of the solid wastes were in vogue.

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ENVIROMENTAL SANITATION

Environmental sanitation which evidently means cleaning of the environment therefore, becomes the major task of a public health engineer and this task primarily includes; collection and disposal of refuse and sewage from houses, buildings and other public areas. Provision of sufficient and wholesome air to the buildings and residents for controlling indoor air pollution is also included as a work of environmental sanitation and hence usually included in the subject of “Public Health Engineering”; more so because it is the wholesome air on which depends the health of the public. under this context we are going to study ventilation of Buildings, although strictly speaking, the topic should normally be covered under ‘Building construction”.

In a developing country like India, the most important source of indoor air pollution is combustion of domestic fuel (Such as cow dung, wood and crop residues) used for cooking on which 80% (1991 census) of our population relies. It has further been estimated by Indian council of medical Research (ICMR) New Delhi that globally 30 lakh people die every year due to air pollution out of which 18 lakh people die annually due to indoor air pollution (4.96 lakh rural areas and 0.93 lakh in urban areas). The indoor air pollution has in fact been found to be much worse than the outdoor air pollution, since a pollutant released indoor is thousand times more likely to reach the lungs than a pollutant released outdoors.