HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

MADE EASY GATE HANDWRITTEN CLASSROOM NOTES

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PLEASE NOTE : WE PROVIDE ONLY VERIFIED NOTES AND MATERIALS. ALL THE OTHER NOTES WHICH ARE AVAILABLE IN THE INTERNET WITH THE NAME MADE EASY CIVIL NOTES ARE FAKE AND ARE NORMAL CLASSROOM NOTES OF SOME COLLEGE. WE ALWAYS TRY TO BRING OUT QUALITY NOTES FOR FREE AND FOR THE SAKE OF STUDENTS WHO ARE REALLY WORKING HARD DAY AND NIGHT AIMING GOOD GATE/IES RANKS.

Essential Components of Hydro Electric Power Plant :

Storage Reservoir :
There are two types of storage reservoirs. First one is natural reservoir which are natural water bodies like lakes, rivers. Second one is Artificial Reservoir which are man-made like dams.
Dams : Dams are artificial reservoirs built in the direction of flow of river or flow of water in a river so that its kinetic energy should be converted into hydraulic energy.
Dams and its control works : It includes dams and different types of its control mechanics
Waterways and its control works like penstocks, canals, forebays, tunnels.
Turbine :

Components of Impulse Turbine and Reaction

1. Impulse Turbines

Nozzle
Runner
Casing (Lid)
Breaking Jets

2. Reaction Turbines

Guide Vanes
Runner
Casing
Draft tube

Tail Race Level :

These are the waterways to exit the water coming out from the turbines.These channels are properly designed so that the water can be easily exit from the turbines.
5. Power House : Power house consists of generator and power distribution system

Types of Heads:

Gross Head : It is the head on which Hydro-electric power plant is working, so the efficiency of Hydro electric power plant can be calculated on the basis of gross head.

Gross Head = Head Race Level – Tail Race Level

Net Head : It is the head on which turbine is working,so it is used to calculate the efficiency of turbine.

Impulse Turbine :

When a force of very high magnitude is applied for a very small time interval, then it is known as Impulse. The water is coming from the storage reservoir through penstock to the inlet of the nozzle. So the hydraulic energy of the water is mainly converted into kinetic energy. Now the water releases in the form of jet from the nozzle and striked on the vanes for a small duration. Since a very high force is exerted on the vanes by the jet of water for a very small time duration, these turbines are known as Impulse turbine.