TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

ACE ACADEMY IES ESE HANDWRITTEN CLASSROOM NOTES

ENGINEERING SERVICES GOVT EXAMINATION NOTES

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Transportation Engineering IES ESE Ace Academy Handwritten Notes free download PDF

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Transportation Engineering IES ESE Ace Academy Handwritten Notes free download PDF

Role of Transportation

Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country. Transportation is vital for the economic development of any region since every commodity produced whether it is food, clothing, industrial products or medicine needs transport at all stages from production to distribution. In the production stage, transportation is required for carrying raw materials like seeds, manure, coal, steel etc. In the distribution stage, transportation is required from the production centres viz; farms and factories to the marketing centres and later to the retailers and the consumers for distribution. The inadequate transportation facilities retard the process of socio-economic development of the country. The adequacy of transportation system of a country indicates its economic and social development.

DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION :

Three basic modes of transport are by land, water and air. Land has given scope for development of road and rail transport. Water and air have developed waterways and airways, respectively. The roads or the highways not only include the modem highway system but also the city streets, feeder roads and village roads, catering for a wide range of road vehicles and the pedestrians. Railways have been developed both for long distance transportation and for urban travel. Waterways include oceans, rivers, canals and lakes for the movement of ships and boats.

The aircraft and helicopters use the airways Apart from these major modes of transportation, other modes include pipe lines, elevators, belt conveyors, cable cars, aerial rope-ways and monorails. Pipe lines are used for the transportation of water, other fluids and even solid particles.

The four major modes of transportation are: (i) Roadways or highways (ii) Railways (iii) Waterways (iv) Airways etransportation by air is the fastest among the four modes. Air travel also provides more comfort apart from saving in transportation time for the passengers and the goods between the airports. Transportation by water is the slowest among the four modes, but this mode needs minimum energy to haul unit load through unit distance. The transportation by water is possible between the ports on the sea routes or along the rivers or canals where inland transportation facilities are available. The transportation along the railway track could be advantageous by railways between the stations both for the passengers and goods, particularly for longer distances. These railway tracks could serve as arteries for transportation by land and the roads could serve as feeder system for transportation to the interior parts and to the intermediate localities between the railway stations. The energy requirement to haul unit load through unit distance by the railway is only a fraction (one fourth to one sixth) of that required by road Therefore full advantage of this mode should be taken for the transportation of bulk goods along land where the railway facilities are available.