SURVEYING

ACE ACADEMY IES ESE HANDWRITTEN CLASSROOM NOTES

ENGINEERING SERVICES GOVT EXAMINATION NOTES

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Surveying IES ESE Exam Ace Academy Handwritten Classroom Notes PDF

Topics covered in this book :

Basic Concepts – Map projections
Linear Measurements – Chain Survey
Angular Measurements – Compass Survey
Leveling
Theodolite
Trigonometrical Leveling
Theodolite Traversing
Contouring
Areas and Volumes
Tacheometry
Curve Surveying
Plane Table Surveying
Error & Adjustments
Photogrametry
Triangulation
Field Astronomy
Remote Sensing
Global Positioning System
Minor Instruments

Plane Table Surveying

Plane table consists of a board made up of a well seasoned wood mounted on a light tripod with suitable mounting and clamping devices. The table is to be levelled by adjusting tripod.
Accessories for plane table required are:
1. Alidade or sight rule—plain or telescopic
2. Plumbing fork with plumb bob
3. Spirit level
4. Trough compass
5. Drawing sheet and accessories for drawing.

Working operations are centering, leveling and orientation. Orientation may be achieved by using trough compass, back sighting or by solving two-point or three-point problems.
Method of plane tabling are radiation, intersection, traversing and resection.
The problem of finding plotted position of the station point occupied by plane table with the help of two well defined points, the plotted position of which are known, is called two-point problems. Similarly, three-point problem is the problem of locating station point with the help of three plotted positions is known as three-point problem. For this tracing paper method, graphical method or trial and error (Lehman’s) method may be employed.
Strength of fix: It is defined as the accuracy with which the point sought p can be fixed with respect to the plotted positions of the three points. Strength of fix is excellent when:
1. Point P is close to the orthocentre of the great circle
2. The middle station is much nearer
3. Of the two angles subtended at P, one is small and the other is large